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Mitochondrial Dyes Product Specification

Catelog Number :   
    10055
Product Name :   
     Dihydrorhodamine 123

Description:

Dihydrorhodamine 123 is the reduced form of rhodamine 123 ( 70010), which is a commonly used fluorescent mitochondrial dye. Dihydrorhodamine 123 itself is nonfluorescent, but it readily enters most of the cells and is oxidized by oxidative species or by cellular redox systems to the fluorescent rhodamine 123 that accumulates in mitochondrial membranes.1 Dihydrorhodamine 123 is useful for detecting reactive oxygen species including superoxide (in the presence of peroxidase or cytochrome c)2,3 and peroxynitrite.4,5

 

  • White solid soluble in DMSO.
  • Store at -20°C and protect from air and light, especially when in solution.
  • C20H18N2O3.
  • Mwt: 346.
  • [109244-58-8]

Also see dihydrorhodamine 123 dihydrochloride ( 10056), a more stable and water soluble form of dihydrorhodamine 123.

Chemical Structure of 10055

Reference:

1) J. Immunol. Meth. 178, 89(1995);
2) Eur. J. Biochem. 217, 973(1993);
3) Arc. Biochem. Biophys. 302, 348(1993);
4) Biochemistry 34, 3544(1995);
5) Free Rad. Biol Med. 16, 149(1994).
Catelog Number :   
    10056
Product Name :   
     Dihydrorhodamine 123, dihydrochloride salt

Description:

Dihydrorhodamine 123 dihydrochloride is functionally equivalent to dihydrorhodamine 123 (#10055) but with increased stability toward air oxidation and light during storage.
  • White solid soluble in DMSO
  • Store at -20°C and protect from light, especially in solution
  • C20H20Cl2N2O3.
  • Mwt: 419

Chemical Structure of 10056

Reference:

see refs for 10055.
Catelog Number :   
    70009
Product Name :   
     DiOC6(3) (3,3'-dihexyloxacarbocyanine,iodide)

Description:

DiOC6(3) is a green fluorescent membrane dye that has been used to stain the ER in both live and fixed cells.1,2 The dye has also been used to study structural interactions and dynamics of the ER in neurons3,4 and yeast.5 In addition, the dye is widely used as a memberane potential dye.6
  • ex\em(MeOH) = 484/501nm
  • Orange solid soluble in DMSO or DMF
  • Store at 4°C and protect from light, especially in solution
  • 29H37IN2O2.</
  • Mwt: 572.53
  • [53213-82-4]

Chemical Structure of 70009

Reference:

Ref: 1) J. Cell Biol. 103, 1557(1986); 2) Cell 38, 101(1984); 3) J. Cell Biol. 127, 1021(1994);, 6050(1980); 4) Nature, 310, 53(1984); 5) Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton, 25, 111(1993);
Catelog Number :   
    70010
Product Name :   
     Rhodamine 123

Description:

Rhodamine 123 is a popular green fluorescent mitochondrial dye that stains mitochondria in living cells in a membrane potential-dependent fashion. It is widely used in flow cytometry studies involving mitochondrial membrane potential. Please also see Didydrorhodamine 123 and its HCl salt (#10055 and #10056).
  • ex\em(MeOH) = 505/534nm
  • e (505 nm, MeOH) = 97,000
  • Orange red solid soluble in DMSO or DMF
  • Store at 4°C and protect from light, especially in solution
  • C21H17ClN2O3.
  • Mwt: 381
  • [62669-70-9]

Chemical Structure of 70010

Reference:

1) Millot, J.M., et al. Cytometry 17, 50(1994); 2) Bernal, S.D., et al Science 218, 1117(1982); 3) Johnson, L.V., et al. J. Cell Biol. 88, 526(1981).
Catelog Number :   
    70011
Product Name :   
     JC-1 (chloride salt) (5,5',6,6'-tetrachloro-1,1',3,3'-tetraethylbenzimidazolylcarbocyanine chloride)

Description:

JC-1 is a mitochondrial dye that stains mitochondria in living cells in a membrane potential-dependent fashion. JC-1 monomer is in equilibrium with so-called Jaggregates, which are favored at higher dye concentration or higher mitochondrial membrane potential. The monomer JC-1 has green fluorescence (lem = 527 nm), while the J-aggregates have red fluorescence (lem = 590 nm). Therefore, it is possible to use fluorescence ratioing technique to study mitochondrial membrane potentials. JC-1 is particularly useful for apoptosis studies. In apoptotic cells, the dye stays in the cytoplasm and fluoresces green. It has also been used in high throughput drug screening applications.

JC-1, iodide (#70014) is the orginal salt form of the dye. Biotium developed JC-1 chloride salt (#70011) for applications where iodide ion is not desired. JC-1 chloride may also have the advantage of being slightly more water soluble than the iodide salt.

  • e (MeOH) = 190,000
  • Red solid soluble in DMSO
  • Store at 4°C and protect from light, especially in solution
  • C25H27Cl5N4
  • Mwt: 561.5.

Chemical Structure of 70011

Reference:

Smiley, S.T., et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 88, 3671(1991);
Reers, M., et al. Biochemistry 30, 4480(1991).
Catelog Number :   
    70012
Product Name :   
     Nonyl Acridine Orange (NAO)

Description:

NAO is a mitochondrial dye whose staining is not dependent on mitochondrial membrane potential,1 unlike JC-1 and Rhodamine 123 (See #70011 and #70010). NAO has been used to study multidrug resistance2 and to measure changes in mitochondrial mass during apopotosis.3
  • ex\em(MeOH) = 495/522nm
  • e (MeOH) = 63,000
  • Orange solid soluble in DMSO or DMF
  • Store at 4°C and protect from light, especially in solution
  • C26H38BrN3.
  • Mwt: 473
  • [75168-11-5]

Chemical Structure of 70012

Reference:

1) Cytometry 9, 206(1988); 2)Cancer Res. 51, 4665(1991); 3) Exp. Cell Res. 214, 323(1994).
Catelog Number :   
    70013
Product Name :   
     Tetrabromorhodamine 123, bromide

Description:

Tetrabromorhodamine 123 can be used to generate singlet oxygen (1O2) in mitochondrial membranes.1,2 The dye has a quantum yield for singlet oxygen generation of 0.65-0.7 and is particularly toxic to carcinoma cells.3
  • ex\em(MeOH) = 524/550 nm
  • e (MeOH) = 91,000
  • Orange red solid soluble in DMSO or DMF
  • Store at 4°C and protect from light, especially in solution
  • C21H13Br5N2O3
  • Mwt: 740.86

Chemical Structure of 70013

Reference:

1) Photochem. Photobiol. 55, 81(1992); 2) Proc. SPIE 997, 48 (1988); 3) Cancer Res. 49, 3961(1989).
Catelog Number :   
    70014
Product Name :   
     JC-1 (iodide salt) (5,5',6,6'-tetrachloro-1,1',3,3'-tetraethylbenzimidazolylcarbocyanine,iodide) iodide)

Description:

JC-1 is a mitochondrial dye that stains mitochondria in living cells in a membrane potential-dependent fashion. JC-1 monomer is in equilibrium with so-called J-aggregates, which are favored at higher dye concentration or higher mitochondrial membrane potential. The monomer JC-1 has green fluorescence (lem = 527 nm), while the J-aggregates have red fluorescence (lem = 590 nm). Therefore, it is possible to use fluorescence ratioing technique to study mitochondrial membrane potentials. JC-1 is particularly useful for apoptosis studies. In apoptotic cells, the dye stays in the cytoplasm and fluoresces green. It has also been used in high throughput drug screening applications.

Biotium offers JC-1 in both chloride salt (#70011) and iodide salt (#70014) forms. Both forms have identical spectral properties. The iodide form has been used in most of the publication. However, some researchers may prefer the chloride form since Cl- is the most prevalent anion in biological systems.

  • e(MeOH) = 190,000
  • Red solid soluble in DMSO
  • Store at 4°C and protect from light, especially in solution
  • C25H27Cl4IN4.
  • Mwt: 652
  • [47729-63-5]

Reference:

1) Smiley, S.T., et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 88, 3671(1991); 2) Reers, M., et al. Biochemistry 30, 4480(1991).
Catelog Number :   
    70016
Product Name :   
     Tetramethylrhodamine ethyl ester, perchlorate (TMRE)

Description:

TMRM ( 70017 ) and TMRE ( 70016 ) are said to be the preferred dyes for quantitative measurements of membrane potentials using Nernst equation. The dyes do not form aggregates in cell membarnes and interact with membrane proteins minimally. Thus, the transmembrane distribution of the dyes is directly related to the membrane potential via Nernst equation.
  • ex\em(MeOH) = 549/574nm
  • Red solid soluble in DMSO, DMF or EtOH
  • Store at 4°C and protect from light
  • C26H27ClIN2O7.
  • Mwt: 515
  • [115532-52-0]

Chemical Structure of 70016

Reference:

1) Meth. Cell Biol. 38, 195(1993);  2) Meth. Cell Biol. 30, 193(1989);  3) Biophys. J. 56, 1053(1989);  4) Biophys., J. 53, 785(1988).
Catelog Number :   
    70017
Product Name :   
     Tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester, perchlorate(TMRM)

Description:

TMRM ( 70017 ) and TMRE ( 70016 ) are said to be the preferred dyes for quantitative measurements of membrane potentials using Nernst equation. The dyes do not form aggregates in cell membarnes and interact with membrane proteins minimally. Thus, the transmembrane distribution of the dyes is directly related to the membrane potential via Nernst equation.
  • ex\em(MeOH) = 548/573nm
  • Red solid soluble in DMSO, DMF or EtOH
  • Store at 4°C and protect from light
  • C25H25ClIN2O7.
  • Mwt: 501
  • [115532-50-8]

Chemical Structure of 70017

Reference:

1) Meth. Cell Biol. 38, 195(1993);  2) Meth. Cell Biol. 30, 193(1989); 3) Biophys. J. 56, 1053(1989); 4) Biophys., J. 53, 785(1988).

 
Catelog Number :   
    70018
Product Name :   
     DASPEI (2-(4-(dimethylamino)styryl)-N-ethylpyridinium iodide)

Description:

DASPEI is used to stain mitochondria in live cells.
  • ex\em = 461/589 nm (MeOH). 
  • Store at 4°C and protect from light, especially in solution. 
  • C17H21IN2.
  • Mwt: 380.
  • [3785-01-1].

Chemical Structure of 70018

Reference:

1)Biochem Biophys Res Comm 261, 452 (1999); 
2)J Exp Biol 202, 3485 (1999); 
3) J Biol Chem 272, 21964 (1997); 
4) Biochim Biophys Acta 1278, 205 (1996); 
5) Microscopy Res Technique 33, 496(1996).

 

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01 43 25 01 60

Italy

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0241 6085 33033
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